{"id":7411,"date":"2019-08-28T18:14:45","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T15:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpda.ru\/?page_id=7411"},"modified":"2020-11-12T11:01:16","modified_gmt":"2020-11-12T08:01:16","slug":"urim-i-tummim-v-drevnem-izraile-kriticheskij-analiz-istochnikov-i-gipotez","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mpda.ru\/en\/urim-i-tummim-v-drevnem-izraile-kriticheskij-analiz-istochnikov-i-gipotez\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435: \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\n\u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c, \u041a\u0443\u043c\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0430\u0443\u043b, \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434,\n\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u044d\u0444\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0436\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0439,\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>and<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Josephus<\/em>. Jewish Antiquities, I\u2013IV \/ trans. by H. St. J.\nThackeray. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press; London: William\nHeinemann, 1961 (r<\/sup>1930).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Augustinus<\/em>. Quaestiones Exodi \/\/ Aurelii Augustini<\/em>\nOpera. Pars V: Quaestionum in Heptateuchum libri\nVII \/ ed. J. Fraipont. Turnholti:\nBrepols, 1958. P. 70\u2013174. (CCSL;\nvol. 33).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beda Venerabilis<\/em>. De\nTabernaculo \/\/ Bedae Venerabilis<\/em>\nOpera. Pars II: Opera Exegetica. 2 A \/ ed. D. Hurst. Turnholti: Brepols, 1969. P. 5\u2013139. (CCSL; vol. 119A).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hieronymus Stridonensis.<\/em> <\/em>Commentaria in\nEzechielem \/\/ PL. T. 25. Col. 15\u2013490.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Dead Sea Scrolls Study\nEdition \/ ed. by F. G. Mart\u00ednez, E. J. C. Tigchelaar. 2 vols. Leiden; Boston;\nK\u00f6ln: Brill, 1997\u20131998. Vol. 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Works of Philo Judaeus. The\nContemporary of Josephus \/ transl. from the Greek by C. D. Yonge. London: H.\nG. Bohn, 1854\u20131890. Reprint: The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New\nUpdated Version \/ transl. by C. D. Yonge. Peabody (Mass.), 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 I\u2013VIII\n\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0422. 3: \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438\n\u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442, \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430, \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c: \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0413\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/em>. \u0418\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0430 \/ \u043f\u0435\u0440. \u0412. \u0412. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041c.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1953.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043b\u0436<\/em>. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0438\u043b\u044f \/ \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427. 10. \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432:\n\u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f\n\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, 1886.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u0432\u0442. <\/em>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432: \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e VI \/\/\n\u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 12 \u0442. \u0422. 1. \u041a\u043d. 2. \u0421\u041f\u0431., 1898. \u0421. 705\u2013718.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0439<\/em>. \u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u043f\u0435\u0440. \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u0413. \u0413. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f.\n\u0421\u041f\u0431., 1900. \u0412 2 \u0442. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u0412. \u0410. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0413. \u0418. \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0433\u044f\u043b\u043e.\n\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442<\/em>. \u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\n\/ \u043f\u0435\u0440. \u0441 \u043b\u0430\u0442. \u0410. \u0421. \u0411\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041c. \u0415. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \/\/ \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442<\/em>. \u0421\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422. I: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b.\n\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430,\n1993. \u0421. 337\u2013355.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u043b\u0436<\/em>. \u0418\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\n\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u041f\u0426, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Literature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432 \u0414. \u0421.<\/em> \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439\n\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b X\u2013XVII \u0432\u0432). \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439\u044f, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d\n\u0410. \u041f<\/em>. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\n\u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \/\/ \u0422\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0421\u0432. \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\n\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0410. \u041f. \u041b\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0422. 1.\n\u041f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u041f. \u0421\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430, 1904. \u0421.\n272\u2013407.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044c\n\u0410., \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442<\/em>.\n\u0418\u0441\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041c.: \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0438\u043c. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f; \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\n\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u043d. \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\n(\u0411\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432), \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043c<\/em>. \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u041c.: \u00ab\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0434 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u00bb, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\n\u0418. \u0420<\/em>. \u0426\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u041f\u0431.:\n\u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0425\u0413\u0410, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0423\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0414\u0436. <\/em>X<\/em>., \u041c<\/em>\u044d\u0442\u044c\u044e\u0437\n\u0412. <\/em>X<\/em>., \u0427\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0441 \u041c. \u0423. \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\n\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0442, 2003.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0423\u0440\u0438\u043c\n\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c \/\/ \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c: \u041a\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440, 1996. \u0422. 8.\n\u041a\u043e\u043b. 1296.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alter R<\/em>.\nThe David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel.\nNew York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakon Sh<\/em>.\nThe Mystery of the Urim Ve-Tummim \/\/ Jewish Bible Quarterly. 2015. Vol. 43. \u0420. 241\u2013254.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brown F., Driver S. R, Briggs Ch. A.<\/em> A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament.\nBoston, New York: Clarendon Press, 1907.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross F. M<\/em>. The Oldest Manuscripts from Qumran \/\/ Journal of Biblical Literature. 1955. Vol. 74. P.\n147\u2013172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De Vaux R<\/em>. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions \/\ntrans. by J. McHugh. Grand Rapids (Mich.): Eerdmans; Livonia (Mich.): Dove,\n1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edelman D. V.<\/em> From Prophets to Prophetic Books: The Fixing of the Divine Word \/\/ The Production of Prophecy:\nConstructing Prophecy and Prophets in Yehud \/ ed. by D. V., Ehud Ben Zvi. London:\nEquinox, 2009. P. 29\u201354.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hertzberg<\/em> H.W<\/em>. I\nand II Samuel: A Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holladay W<\/em>. A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Grand\nRapids (Mich.): Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horowitz W., Hurowitz V <\/em>(A<\/em>).\nUrim and Thummim in Light of a Psephomancy Ritual from Assur (LKA 137) \/\/\nJournal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society. 1992. Vol. 21. \u0420.\n95\u2013115.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jirku A<\/em>.\nMantik in Altisrael. Inaugural Dissertation. Rostock: Erben, 1913.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liesen J<\/em>. A Common Background of Ben Sira and the Psalter:\nThe Concept of \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 in Sir\n32:14\u201333:3 and the Torah Psalms \/\/ The Wisdom of Ben Sira: Studies on\nTradition, Redaction, and Theology \/ ed. by A. Passaro, G. Bellia. Berlin; New\nYork: W. de Gruyter, 2008. P. 197\u2013207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lindblom J<\/em>. Lot-Casting in the Old Testament \/\/ Vetus Testamentum. 1962. Vol. 12. P.\n164\u2013178.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McCarter P. K<\/em>. I\nSamuel. Garden City (New York): Doubleday, 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reiner E<\/em>.\nFortune-Telling in Mesopotamia \/\/ Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 1960. Vol. 19. \u0420. 23\u201335.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toeg A<\/em>. A\nTextual Note on 1 Samuel XIV 41 \/\/ Vetus Testamentum. 1969. Vol. 19. P.\n493\u2013498.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tsumura D. T<\/em>. The First book of Samuel. Grand Rapids (Michigan): Eerdmans\nPublishing, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Van Dam C<\/em>.\nThe Urim and Thummim: A Means of Revelation in Ancient Israel. Winona Lake\n(Indiana): Eisenbrauns, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wellhausen J.<\/em> Der Text der B\u00fccher Samuelis.\nGottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1871.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urim and Thummim in Ancient\nIsrael: Critical Analysis of Sources and Hypotheses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Priest Andre\u012d Vydrin, PhD in theology, Associate Professor of the Department \u043ef Biblical\nStudies of \u041coscow Theological \u0410cademy, Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, Sergiev\nPosad 141300, Russia, vydan@mail.ru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation: <\/strong>Vydrin\nAndre\u012d A., priest. \u201cUrim and Thummim in Ancient\nIsrael: Critical Analysis of Sources and Hypotheses\u201d. Theological Herald<\/em>, vol. 34, no. 3, 2019, pp. 00\u201300. (In Russian)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract.\n<\/strong>The article\nanalyzes the main scientific hypotheses about what Urim and Thummim were, what\nwas their purpose and method of use. For this purpose, various sources are\ninvolved, starting with the oldest references in the manuscripts of Qumran,\naccording to which Urim and Thummim were associated with precious stones on the\nshoulder pads or breastplate of the high priest’s ephod. This view in one way\nor another adhered to the majority of subsequent ancient writers (Josephus, the\nauthors of the relevant episodes of the Babylonian Talmud, st. John Chrysostom,\nTheodore Kirsky, etc.). However, according to some Western commentators, Urim\nand Thummim are the names of the signs or letters on the breastplate (st.\nAugustine and St. Bede the Venerable). According to the third view, Urim and\nThummim was an inscription with the name Yahweh or two inscriptions with Divine\nnames inside the breastplate (Rashi, Ramban, etc.). The beginning of the\ntwentieth century, the Urim and Thummim began to be regarded as a lot similar\nto Mesopotamian practices, based on the episode in 1 Sam. 14, 41\u201342 according to the Septuagint. The author argues\nwith this idea, arguing that, firstly, the original reading of this passage is\npreserved in a shorter version of the Hebrew text, and secondly, that the Urim\nand Thummim can not be a lot, and thirdly, that in the process of receiving an\nanswer through the Urim and Thummim played a major role prophetic inspiration\nsent down by the Lord to the priest. The very expression\n\u00abUrim and Thummim\u00bb could convey the idea of \u00abperfect light\u00bb and, presumably,\ndenote a precious stone, by which confirmed the truth of the words of the\npriest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Bible, old Testament, Book of kings, the will of God, Ancient Israel,\nQumran exegesis the sacred text, Saul, David, the priest, the ephod, stones of the\nbreastplate, the Urim and Thummim, the Oracle, the prophecy, fate, and the\nrevelation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h5>\n\n\n\n
References<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Alter R., The David Story<\/em>: A Translation with Commentary\nof 1 and 2 Samuel,<\/em> New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Augustinu, \u201cQuaestiones Exodi\u201d, Aurelii Augustini<\/em> Opera,<\/em> J.\nFraipont (ed.), Turnholti:\nBrepols, 1958, (CCSL; vol. 33), \u0440ars V: Quaestionum in Heptateuchum libri VII,pp. 70\u2013174.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakon Sh., \u201cThe\nMystery of the Urim Ve-Tummim\u201d,\nJewish Bible Quarterly<\/em>, 2015, vol.\n43, pp. 241\u2013254.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beda Venerabilis,\n\u201cDe Tabernaculo\u201d, Bedae Venerabilis<\/em> Opera, <\/em>D. Hurst (ed.), Turnholti: Brepols, 1969, (CCSL; vol. 119A),\npars II: Opera Exegetica, 2 A, pp. 5\u2013139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biblejskie kommentarii otcov Cerkvi i drugih\navtorov I\u2013VIII vekov. Vethij Zavet. [Biblical comments of the Church fathers\nand other authors of I\u2013VIII centuries. Old Testament]<\/em>, Tver: Germenevtika, 2010, T. 3:\nKnigi Ishod, Levit, Chisla, Vtorozakonie [Vol. 3: Books of Exodus, Leviticus,\nNumbers, Deuteronomy] (in Russian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brown F., Driver S. R, Briggs Ch. A., A\nHebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament<\/em>, Boston, New York: Clarendon Press, 1907.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross F. M.,\n\u201cThe Oldest Manuscripts from Qumran\u201d, Journal of\nBiblical Literature<\/em>, 1955, vol. 74, pp. 147\u2013172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De Vaux R., Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions,<\/em> J. McHugh (trans.),\nGrand Rapids (Mich.): Eerdmans; Livonia (Mich.): Dove, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edelman D. V.,\n\u201cFrom Prophets to Prophetic Books: The Fixing of the Divine Word\u201d, The Production of Prophecy: Constructing Prophecy and Prophets in Yehud<\/em>, D. V., Ehud Ben Zvi (ed.), London: Equinox, 2009, pp.\n29\u201354.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feodorit\nKirskij, blzh, Iz’jasnenie trudnyh mest Bozhestvennogo Pisanija [Explanation of\ndifficult places of the Divine Scripture], <\/em>Moscow: Izdatel’skij Sovet RPC\n[Publishing Council of ROC], 2003 (Russ. translation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hertzberg H.W.,\nI and <\/em>II Samuel<\/em>: A Commentary,<\/em> Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hieronymus\nStridonensis, <\/em>\u201cCommentaria in Ezechielem\u201d, Patrologia Latina [PL],<\/em> 1845, vol. 25, col. 15\u2013490.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holladay W., A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the\nOld Testament,<\/em> Grand Rapids (Mich.): Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Homer,\nIliada<\/em> [The Iliad],<\/em> V. V. Veresaev (per.) Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1953 (Russ.\ntranslation).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horowitz W., Hurowitz V (A)., \u201cUrim and Thummim in Light of a Psephomancy Ritual from Assur (LKA\n137)\u201d, Journal of the Ancient Near\nEastern Society,<\/em> 1992, vol. 21, pp. 95\u2013115.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ieronim Stridonskij, blzh.,\u201cChetyrnadcat’ knig tolkovanij na\nproroka Iezekiilja\u201d [\u201cFourteen books of the interpretations of the prophet\nEzekiel\u201d], Tvorenija, ch. 10 [Creations, part 10],<\/em> Kiev: Kiev\nTheological Academy, 1886.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ioann Zlatoust, svt.\u201cProtiv iudeev: slovo VI\u201d [\u201cAgainst the\nJews: the word VI\u201d], Tvorenija v 12 t. [Creations in 12 vol.], <\/em>Saint-Peterburg, 1898, vol. 1, book 2, pp. 705\u2013718 (Russ.\ntranslation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iosif Flavij, Iudejskie drevnosti\n[Antiquities of the Jews],<\/em> G. G. Genkel’ (per.).Saint-Peterburg, <\/em>1900, vol. 1, 2, Minsk: Belarus’, 1994 (Russ.\ntranslation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jirku A., Mantik in Altisrael. Inaugural Dissertation,\n<\/em>Rostock: Erben, 1913.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, I\u2013IV<\/em>, H. St. J. Thackeray (trans.), Cambridge\n(Mass.): Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1961 (r<\/sup>1930)\n(English translation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liesen J., \u201cA Common Background of\nBen Sira and the Psalter: The Concept of \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 in Sir 32:14\u201333:3 and the Torah Psalms\u201d, The Wisdom of Ben Sira: Studies on Tradition, Redaction, and Theology,<\/em>A.\nPassaro, G. Bellia (ed.), Berlin; New York: W. de Gruyter, 2008, pp. 197\u2013207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lihachjov D. S., Tekstologija (na materiale russkoj literatury X\u2013XVII\nvv) [Textology (by the material of Russian literature X\u2013XVII centuries)], <\/em>Saint-Peterburg: Aletejja, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lindblom J.,\n\u201cLot-Casting in the Old Testament\u201d, Vetus\nTestamentum,<\/em> 1962, vol. 12, pp. 164\u2013178.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lopuhin A. P., \u201cKniga Ishod\u201d [\u201cBook of Exodus\u201d], Tolkovaja Biblija,\nili Kommentarii na vse knigi Sv. Pisanija Vethogo i Novogo Zaveta [Explanatory\nBible, or Commentary on all the books of St. Scripture of the Old and New\nTestament], <\/em>A. P. Lopuhin (ed.), Saint-Peterburg: Tip. P.\nSojkina, 1904, vol. 1, pp. 272\u2013407.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McCarter P. K.,\nI Samuel,<\/em>\nGarden City (New York): Doubleday,\n1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men’ A., prot., Isagogika [Isagogics]<\/em>, Moscow: Fond im. Aleksandra Menja, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikifor (Bazhanov), arhim., Biblejskaja jenciklopedija [Bible\nencyclopedia], <\/em>Moscow: \u00abLokid Press\u00bb, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reiner E.,\n\u201cFortune-Telling in Mesopotamia\u201d, Journal\nof the Ancient Near Eastern Studies,<\/em> 1960, vol. 19, pp. 23\u201335.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tacit,\u201cO proishozhdenii germancev i mestopolozhenii Germanii\u201d\n[\u201cOn the origin of the Germans and the location of Germany\u201d],A. S.\nBobovicha (per.), M. E. Sergeenko (ed.), Sochinenija v 2 t<\/em>. [Works in\n2 vol.]<\/em>, Saint-Peterburg: Nauka,\n1993, vol. 1, pp. 337\u2013355 (Russ. translation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tantlevskij I. R., Car’ David i ego jepoha v Biblii i istorii [\u201cKing\nDavid and his epoch in the Bible and history\u201d], <\/em>Saint-Peterburg: Publishing house of Russian Christian Humanities Academy,2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Dead Sea Scrolls Study\nEdition<\/em>, F. G. Mart\u00ednez, E. J. C. Tigchelaar (ed.), Leiden; Boston; K\u00f6ln: Brill,\n1997\u20131998, vol. 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Works of Philo\nJudaeus. The Contemporary of Josephus,<\/em> C. D. Yonge (trans.),\nLondon: H. G. Bohn, 1854\u20131890 (English translation). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toeg A., \u201cA\nTextual Note on 1 Samuel XIV 41\u201d, Vetus\nTestamentum,<\/em> 1969, vol. 19, pp. 493\u2013498.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tsumura D. T., The First\nbook of Samuel,<\/em> Grand Rapids (Michigan): Eerdmans Publishing, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cUrim i tummim\u201d [\u201cUrim and Thummim\u201d], Kratkaja evrejskaja jenciklopedija [Brief Jewish\nencyclopedia]<\/em>, Jerusalem: Keter, 1996, vol. 8, col. 1296.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Van Dam C., The Urim and Thummim: A Means of Revelation\nin Ancient Israel,<\/em> Winona Lake (Indiana): Eisenbrauns, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Walton J. X., Matthews V. X., Chavalas M. U.,\nBiblejskij kul’turno-istoricheskij kommentarij [Biblical cultural and historical\nreview], <\/em>Saint-Peterburg: Mirt, <\/em>2003, <\/em>part\n1: Vethij Zavet [The Old Testament] <\/em>(Russ. translation). <\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wellhausen J., Der Text der B\u00fccher Samuelis,<\/em> Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und\nRuprecht, 1871.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438, 141300, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434, \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, vydan@mail.ru \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u0410., \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449. \u0423\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435: \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437 \/\/ \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a. 2019. \u0422. 34. \u2116 3. \u0421. 00\u201300. \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u044b \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"wf_page_folders":[],"class_list":["post-7411","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-knigi"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":"","trp-custom-language-flag":""},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

C\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438, 141300, \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434, \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430, \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, vydan@mail.ru \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u0410., \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449. \u0423\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435: \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437 \/\/ \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a. 2019. \u0422. 34. \u2116 3. \u0421. 00\u201300. \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u044b \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0445 \u041a\u0443\u043c\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0444\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"","url":"https:\/\/mpda.ru\/en\/author\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-07-16 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